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CentOS 7上安装Nginx

2018年10月11日 发布 阅读(2758) 作者：Jerman

CentOS 可以直接通过yum安装Nginx，现在就yum如何安装Nginx讲下流程

1、添加Nginx安装源，假设我们是在云服务器的根目录下，以腾讯云服务器为例

使用rpm命令添加源，如果没有事先添加源,执行yum install nginx会报错

  1. rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

访问http://nginx.org/packages/ ，有关于种系统的源，选择自己需要的

执行命令：

  1. [root@VM_0_8_centos /]# rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
  2. Retrieving http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
  3. warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.ZBdJtm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
  4. Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
  5. Updating / installing...
  6.    1:nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx ################################# [100%]
  7. [root@VM_0_8_centos /]#

有一个warning,这个warning我们先忽略，不影响安装
执行完上面命令后，会在 /etc/yum.repos.d/目录下添加一个Nginx.repo文件,如下查看

  1. [root@VM_0_8_centos yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
  2. [root@VM_0_8_centos yum.repos.d]# ls -la
  3. total 60
  4. drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Oct 11 15:21 .
  5. drwxr-xr-x. 89 root root 12288 Sep 20 14:20 ..
  6. -rw-r--r--.  1 root root   614 Sep 13 10:48 CentOS-Base.repo
  7. -rw-r--r--   1 root root  1309 Aug 13 22:34 CentOS-CR.repo
  8. -rw-r--r--   1 root root   649 Aug 13 22:34 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
  9. -rw-r--r--   1 root root   230 Sep 13 10:48 CentOS-Epel.repo
  10. -rw-r--r--   1 root root   314 Aug 13 22:34 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
  11. -rw-r--r--   1 root root   630 Aug 13 22:34 CentOS-Media.repo
  12. -rw-r--r--   1 root root  1331 Aug 13 22:34 CentOS-Sources.repo
  13. -rw-r--r--   1 root root  4768 Aug 13 22:34 CentOS-Vault.repo
  14. -rw-r--r--   1 root root   664 May 11 11:35 epel-7.repo
  15. -rw-r--r--   1 root root   113 Jul 15  2014 nginx.repo
  16. [root@VM_0_8_centos yum.repos.d]#

2、执行yum install nginx

  1. [root@VM_0_8_centos yum.repos.d]# yum install nginx
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  3. Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
  4. Determining fastest mirrors
  5. epel                                                                                                                                                                                       | 3.2 kB  00:00:00     
  6. extras                                                                                                                                                                                     | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
  7. os                                                                                                                                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
  8. updates                                                                                                                                                                                    | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
  9. (1/5): epel/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                                                                                              |  88 kB  00:00:00     
  10. (2/5): epel/7/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                                                                            | 948 kB  00:00:00     
  11. (3/5): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                          | 204 kB  00:00:00     
  12. (4/5): epel/7/x86_64/primary                                                                                                                                                               | 3.6 MB  00:00:00     
  13. (5/5): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                         | 6.0 MB  00:00:00     
  14. epel                                                                                                                                                                                                  12723/12723
  15. Resolving Dependencies
  16. --> Running transaction check
  17. ---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7 will be installed
  18. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem = 1:1.12.2-2.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
  19. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-all-modules = 1:1.12.2-2.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
  20. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
  21. --> Processing Dependency: libprofiler.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
  22. --> Running transaction check
  23. ---> Package gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.1-1.el7 will be installed
  24. ---> Package nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.12.2-2.el7 will be installed
  25. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-stream = 1:1.12.2-2.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
  26. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-mail = 1:1.12.2-2.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
  27. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter = 1:1.12.2-2.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
  28. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-perl = 1:1.12.2-2.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
  29. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-image-filter = 1:1.12.2-2.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
  30. --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-geoip = 1:1.12.2-2.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
  31. ---> Package nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.12.2-2.el7 will be installed
  32. --> Running transaction check
  33. ---> Package nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7 will be installed
  34. ---> Package nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7 will be installed
  35. --> Processing Dependency: gd for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
  36. --> Processing Dependency: libgd.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
  37. ---> Package nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7 will be installed
  38. ---> Package nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7 will be installed
  39. --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.18)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
  40. --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.11)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
  41. --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
  42. --> Processing Dependency: libexslt.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
  43. ---> Package nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7 will be installed
  44. ---> Package nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7 will be installed
  45. --> Running transaction check
  46. ---> Package gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 will be installed
  47. --> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.4()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64
  48. ---> Package libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 will be installed
  49. --> Running transaction check
  50. ---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 will be installed
  51. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  53. Dependencies Resolved
  55. ==================================================================================================================================================================================================================
  56.  Package                                                          Arch                                        Version                                             Repository                                 Size
  57. ==================================================================================================================================================================================================================
  58. Installing:
  59.  nginx                                                            x86_64                                      1:1.12.2-2.el7                                      epel                                      530 k
  60. Installing for dependencies:
  61.  gd                                                               x86_64                                      2.0.35-26.el7                                       os                                        146 k
  62.  gperftools-libs                                                  x86_64                                      2.6.1-1.el7                                         os                                        272 k
  63.  libXpm                                                           x86_64                                      3.5.12-1.el7                                        os                                         55 k
  64.  libxslt                                                          x86_64                                      1.1.28-5.el7                                        os                                        242 k
  65.  nginx-all-modules                                                noarch                                      1:1.12.2-2.el7                                      epel                                       16 k
  66.  nginx-filesystem                                                 noarch                                      1:1.12.2-2.el7                                      epel                                       17 k
  67.  nginx-mod-http-geoip                                             x86_64                                      1:1.12.2-2.el7                                      epel                                       23 k
  68.  nginx-mod-http-image-filter                                      x86_64                                      1:1.12.2-2.el7                                      epel                                       26 k
  69.  nginx-mod-http-perl                                              x86_64                                      1:1.12.2-2.el7                                      epel                                       36 k
  70.  nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter                                       x86_64                                      1:1.12.2-2.el7                                      epel                                       26 k
  71.  nginx-mod-mail                                                   x86_64                                      1:1.12.2-2.el7                                      epel                                       54 k
  72.  nginx-mod-stream                                                 x86_64                                      1:1.12.2-2.el7                                      epel                                       76 k
  74. Transaction Summary
  75. ==================================================================================================================================================================================================================
  76. Install  1 Package (+12 Dependent packages)
  78. Total download size: 1.5 M
  79. Installed size: 4.3 M
  80. Is this ok [y/d/N]:

上面命令，最后一行Is this ok [y/d/N]:后面， 我们输入y，如果要跳过这个步骤，安装时执行yum install nginx -y

输入y后，命令继续执行如下

  1. Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
  2. Downloading packages:
  3. (1/13): gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                        | 146 kB  00:00:00     
  4. (2/13): libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                     |  55 kB  00:00:00     
  5. (3/13): gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                             | 272 kB  00:00:00     
  6. (4/13): libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                    | 242 kB  00:00:00     
  7. (5/13): nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                          |  16 kB  00:00:00     
  8. (6/13): nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                           |  17 kB  00:00:00     
  9. (7/13): nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                       |  23 kB  00:00:00     
  10. (8/13): nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                |  26 kB  00:00:00     
  11. (9/13): nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                      | 530 kB  00:00:00     
  12. (10/13): nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                |  26 kB  00:00:00     
  13. (11/13): nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                       |  36 kB  00:00:00     
  14. (12/13): nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                            |  54 kB  00:00:00     
  15. (13/13): nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                          |  76 kB  00:00:00     
  16. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  17. Total                                                                                                                                                                             3.0 MB/s | 1.5 MB  00:00:00     
  18. Running transaction check
  19. Running transaction test
  20. Transaction test succeeded
  21. Running transaction
  22. Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  23.   Installing : gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                            1/13 
  24.   Installing : libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                   2/13 
  25.   Installing : 1:nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                        3/13 
  26.   Installing : libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                    4/13 
  27.   Installing : gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       5/13 
  28.   Installing : 1:nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                          6/13 
  29.   Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                    7/13 
  30.   Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                              8/13 
  31.   Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                     9/13 
  32.   Installing : 1:nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                       10/13 
  33.   Installing : 1:nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                  11/13 
  34.   Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                            12/13 
  35.   Installing : 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                      13/13 
  36.   Verifying  : libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                    1/13 
  37.   Verifying  : 1:nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                        2/13 
  38.   Verifying  : gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       3/13 
  39.   Verifying  : libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                   4/13 
  40.   Verifying  : gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                            5/13 
  41.   Verifying  : 1:nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                   6/13 
  42.   Verifying  : 1:nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                          7/13 
  43.   Verifying  : 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                       8/13 
  44.   Verifying  : 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                    9/13 
  45.   Verifying  : 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                             10/13 
  46.   Verifying  : 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                            11/13 
  47.   Verifying  : 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                    12/13 
  48.   Verifying  : 1:nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                       13/13 
  50. Installed:
  51.   nginx.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7                                                                                                                                                                                     
  53. Dependency Installed:
  54.   gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7                       gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.1-1.el7                   libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7                     libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7                          
  55.   nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.12.2-2.el7         nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.12.2-2.el7                 nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7       nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7      
  56.   nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7       nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7       nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7             nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7                 
  58. Complete!
  59. [root@VM_0_8_centos yum.repos.d]#

安装完成。

3、安装完成后，我们查看下nginx安装在什么目录

  1. [root@VM_0_8_centos yum.repos.d]# whereis nginx
  2. nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib64/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx /usr/share/man/man3/nginx.3pm.gz /usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz

Nginx配置路径为 /etc/nginx/
查看Nginx配置文件内容，执行命令cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

  1. [root@VM_0_8_centos nginx]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
  2. # For more information on configuration, see:
  3. #   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
  4. #   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
  6. user nginx;
  7. worker_processes auto;
  8. error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
  9. pid /run/nginx.pid;
  11. # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
  12. include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
  14. events {
  15.     worker_connections 1024;
  16. }
  18. http {
  19.     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  20.                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  21.                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  23.     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
  25.     sendfile            on;
  26.     tcp_nopush          on;
  27.     tcp_nodelay         on;
  28.     keepalive_timeout   65;
  29.     types_hash_max_size 2048;
  31.     include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
  32.     default_type        application/octet-stream;
  34.     # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
  35.     # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
  36.     # for more information.
  37.     include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
  39.     server {
  40.         listen       80 default_server;
  41.         listen       [::]:80 default_server;
  42.         server_name  _;
  43.         root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
  45.         # Load configuration files for the default server block.
  46.         include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
  48.         location / {
  49.         }
  51.         error_page 404 /404.html;
  52.             location = /40x.html {
  53.         }
  55.         error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
  56.             location = /50x.html {
  57.         }
  58.     }
  60. # Settings for a TLS enabled server.
  61. #
  62. #    server {
  63. #        listen       443 ssl http2 default_server;
  64. #        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
  65. #        server_name  _;
  66. #        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
  67. #
  68. #        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
  69. #        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
  70. #        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
  71. #        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
  72. #        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
  73. #        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
  74. #
  75. #        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
  76. #        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
  77. #
  78. #        location / {
  79. #        }
  80. #
  81. #        error_page 404 /404.html;
  82. #            location = /40x.html {
  83. #        }
  84. #
  85. #        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
  86. #            location = /50x.html {
  87. #        }
  88. #    }
  90. }
  92. [root@VM_0_8_centos nginx]#

通过nginx.conf文件，我们可以看到日志文件的路径
错误日志路径： /var/log/nginx/error.log
正常日志路径： /var/log/nginx/access.log

4、测试Nginx是否安装成功

执行nginx，启动nginx
执行nginx -t命令测试，如下，测试成功
执行ps aux | grep nginx查看nginx是否启动成功

  1. [root@VM_0_8_centos nginx]# nginx
  2. [root@VM_0_8_centos nginx]# nginx -t
  3. nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  4. nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
  5. [root@VM_0_8_centos nginx]# ps aux | grep nginx
  6. root       445  0.0  0.2 120792  2100 ?        Ss   15:57   0:00 nginx: master process nginx
  7. nginx      446  0.0  0.3 123264  3552 ?        S    15:57   0:00 nginx: worker process
  8. root       546  0.0  0.0 112704   976 pts/0    R+   15:58   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
  9. [root@VM_0_8_centos nginx]#

nginx启动成功后，通过云服务器的IP访问，我们在浏览器看到这个页面

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